Mastering the sounds of French can significantly enhance your speaking and listening skills. This guide introduces the key elements of French pronunciation.

Vowels

In French, vowels can have accents, which slightly change their pronunciation.

• a: Similar to 'a' in "father"
• e: Has several pronunciations. It can be like 'e' in "bed", silent at the end of words, or, when it has an accent (é), like 'ay' in "day".
• i: Like 'ee' in "see".
• o: Like 'o' in "no".
• u: There is no exact equivalent in English. To pronounce it, say 'ee' as in "see" but round your lips as if you're saying 'o'.

Consonants

Most French consonants are pronounced similarly to their English counterparts, but some are different:

• c: Before 'e', 'i', 'y', it sounds like 's' in "see". Otherwise, it's like 'k' in "kick".
• g: Before 'e', 'i', 'y', it's pronounced like 's' in "measure". Otherwise, it's like 'g' in "go".
• h: This letter is silent in French.
• j: Pronounced like 's' in "measure".
• r: Pronounced at the back of the throat, similar to a soft 'k' sound. It's not rolled as in Spanish.
• s: Between vowels, it's like 'z' in "zoo". Otherwise, it's like 's' in "see".

Nasal Vowels

When 'm' or 'n' follows a vowel in the same syllable, the combination produces a nasal sound. Nasal vowels are a distinctive aspect of French pronunciation. The nasal consonants 'm' and 'n' are usually not pronounced in these combinations.

• an/en: Like 'on' in "song".
• in/un: No English equivalent. It's a nasal version of the French 'i' or 'u'.
• on: Like 'on' in "song" but nasalized.

Stress

In French, the stress is typically on the last syllable of the word. Unlike Spanish or English, the stress does not change the meaning of the word in French.

Practicing Pronunciation

Practicing pronunciation is crucial in learning French. Listening to native French speakers and repeating the sounds, words, and sentences can significantly improve your pronunciation. Be patient with yourself and keep practicing!