Mastering the sounds of German can significantly improve your speaking and listening skills. This guide will introduce you to the key elements of German pronunciation.

Vowels

In German, vowels can have umlauts (ä, ö, ü), which change their pronunciation.

• a: Like 'a' in "father".
• ä: Like 'e' in "bet".
• e: Like 'e' in "bet" or 'ay' in "may".
• i: Like 'ee' in "see".
• o: Like 'o' in "open".
• ö: No exact equivalent in English. Try shaping your mouth as if you're saying 'o', but say 'e' instead.
• u: Like 'oo' in "moon".
• ü: No exact equivalent in English. Try shaping your mouth as if you're saying 'oo', but say 'ee' instead.

Consonants

Most German consonants are pronounced similarly to their English counterparts, but some are different:

• ch: After 'a', 'o', 'u' and 'au', it's like 'k' in "loch". After 'e', 'i', 'ä', 'ö', 'ü', 'ei', 'eu', 'äu', it's a softer sound not found in English, similar to a cat hissing.
• j: Pronounced like 'y' in "yes".
• r: Typically pronounced at the back of the throat, similar to a soft 'k' sound. It's not rolled as in Spanish.
• s: At the beginning of words or before a vowel, it's like 'z' in "zoo". Otherwise, it's like 's' in "see".
• v: Pronounced like 'f' in "father".
• w: Pronounced like 'v' in "victory".
• z: Pronounced like 'ts' in "bits".

Stress

In German, the stress usually falls on the first syllable of the word. However, there are exceptions, especially with words borrowed from other languages.

Practicing Pronunciation

Pronunciation takes practice. Listening to native German speakers and repeating the sounds, words, and sentences they use can significantly improve your pronunciation. Remember to be patient with yourself and keep practicing!